Charles Spencer Chaplin
was born in Walworth, London, England on April 26th, 1889 to Charles
and Hannah (Hill) Chaplin, both music hall performers, who were
married on June 22nd, 1885. After Charles Sr. separated from Hannah
to perform in New York City, Hannah then tried to resurrect her
stage career. Unfortunately, her singing voice had a tendency
to break at unexpected moments. When this happened, the stage
manager spotted young Charlie standing in the wings and led him
on stage, where five-year-old Charlie began to sing a popular
tune. Charlie and his half-brother, Syd Chaplin (born Sydney Hawkes),
spent their lives in and out of charity homes and workhouses between
their mother's bouts of insanity. Hannah was committed to Cane
Hill Asylum in May of 1903 and lived there until 1921, when Chaplin
moved her to California.
Chaplin began his official acting career at
the age of eight, touring with The Eight Lancashire Lads. At 18
he began touring with Fred Karno's vaudeville troupe, joining
them on the troupe's 1910 US tour. He traveled west to California
in December 1913 and signed on with Keystone Studios' popular
comedy director Mack Sennett, who had seen Chaplin perform on
stage in New York. Charlie soon wrote his brother Syd, asking
him to become his manager. While at Keystone, Chaplin appeared
in and directed 35 films, starring as the Little Tramp in nearly
all. In November 1914 he left Keystone and signed on at Essanay,
where he made 15 films. In 1916, he signed on at Mutual and made
12 films. In June 1917 Chaplin signed up with First National Studios,
after which he built Chaplin Studios. In 1919 he and Douglas Fairbanks,
Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists (UA).
In 1921 Chaplin was decorated by the French
government for his outstanding work as a filmmaker, and was elevated
to the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1952. In 1972
he was honored with an Academy Award for his "incalculable
effect in making motion pictures the art form of the century."
In 1975 England's Queen Elizabeth II knighted him. Chaplin's other
works included musical scores he composed for many of his films.
He also authored two autobiographical books, "My Autobiography"
in 1964 and its companion volume, "My Life in Pictures"
in 1974. Chaplin died of natural causes on December 25, 1977 at
his home in Switzerland.
In 1978, Chaplin's corpse was stolen from
its grave and was not recovered for three months; he was re-buried
in a vault surrounded by cement. Charlie Chaplin was considered
one of the greatest filmmakers in the history of American cinema,
whose movies were and still are popular throughout the world,
and have even gained notoriety as time progresses. His films show,
through the Little Tramp's positive outlook on life in a world
full of chaos, that the human spirit has and always will remain
the same.